ANTENNAS
Antenna serves as a communication link between the drone and the goggles, facilitating the transmission of live video feeds. The antenna’s design and signal emission characteristics significantly impact the range and clarity of the video feed
TYPES
1)Omnidirectional antennas
     Radiate the signal in all directions, forming a 360-degree coverage around the antenna (resembling a light      bulb in their signal dispersion). These antennas are commonly used on both the drone’s VTX (Video Transmitter) and the pilot’s FPV goggles.
2) Patch antennas
    Have a directional signal, focusing it in a specific direction or cone (resembling a flashlight, concentrating the signal in a narrow beam). Patch antennas are often used as secondary antennas in diversity setups on FPV goggles. They offer superior reception in a specific direction and are beneficial for scenarios where a strong, focused signal is required, such as long-range flights.
In FPV systems, a combination of these antennas, known as a diversity setup, is common. This involves using an omnidirectional antenna for general coverage and a patch antenna for focused, long-range, or challenging signal environments. The diversity system switches between antennas to ensure the best possible signal reception at any given moment.
Polarization:
   Polarization in the context of antennas refers to the orientation of the electromagnetic waves’ electric field. In FPV systems, circular polarization is commonly used. Circular polarization helps combat signal degradation caused by multi-path interference and improves signal reception. There are two types of circular polarization: Right-Hand Circular Polarization (RHCP) and Left-Hand Circular Polarization (LHCP).
RHCP and LHCP describe the direction in which the electromagnetic waves rotate around the axis of the antenna.
    RHCP (Right-Hand Circular Polarization):
- In RHCP antennas, the electromagnetic waves rotate in a right-handed or clockwise direction when viewed along the direction of propagation. RHCP antennas are compatible with other RHCP antennas.Â
    LHCP (Left-Hand Circular Polarization):
- In LHCP antennas, the electromagnetic waves rotate in a left-handed or counterclockwise direction when viewed along the direction of propagation. LHCP antennas are compatible with other LHCP antennas.
Matching the polarization between the transmitting (VTX) and receiving (goggles) antennas is crucial for optimal signal reception. Using antennas with the same polarization ensures that the transmitted signal is efficiently received, minimizing signal loss and interference.